⚛️ Electronegativity Calculator 🔬

Calculate Bond Type & Electronegativity Difference Between Elements

📊 Calculation Results

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What is Electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a fundamental chemical property that measures the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself when forming a chemical bond. Understanding electronegativity is crucial for predicting bond types, molecular polarity, and chemical reactivity.

📐 Electronegativity Formula

ΔEN = |χ₁ – χ₂|

Where:
• ΔEN = Electronegativity Difference
• χ₁ = Electronegativity of first element
• χ₂ = Electronegativity of second element
• |x| = Absolute value of x

🔬 Bond Type Classification

  • Ionic Bond (ΔEN ≥ 2.0): Complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Example: NaCl (sodium chloride)
  • Polar Covalent Bond (0.4 ≤ ΔEN < 2.0): Unequal sharing of electrons, creating partial charges. Example: H₂O (water)
  • Non-polar Covalent Bond (ΔEN < 0.4): Equal sharing of electrons between atoms. Example: H₂ (hydrogen gas)

📈 Electronegativity Trends

Across a Period (Left to Right): Electronegativity increases because atoms have more protons and a stronger pull on electrons.

Down a Group (Top to Bottom): Electronegativity decreases because the valence electrons are farther from the nucleus and shielded by inner electrons.

Most Electronegative: Fluorine (F) with a value of 3.98

Least Electronegative: Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr) with values around 0.7

💡 How to Use This Calculator

  1. Select the first element from the dropdown menu
  2. Select the second element from the dropdown menu
  3. Click “Calculate Bond Type” to see the results
  4. View the electronegativity difference and bond type classification
  5. Share your calculation or cite this tool using the buttons provided

🎯 Applications

  • Predicting bond polarity in molecules
  • Understanding chemical reactivity patterns
  • Analyzing molecular geometry and dipole moments
  • Studying acid-base chemistry
  • Determining oxidation states in compounds